Jun 22, 2021 · I'd suggest 3 books: SQL Reference, PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference and Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals. Find the ones appropriate to your database version (or start with what I suggested, then learn the differences (new functions etc.)). Three points. First, in earlier versions of Oracle, you can use window functions: SELECT Salary as SecondHighestSalary FROM (SELECT e.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Salary DESC) as seqnum FROM Employee e ) e WHERE seqnum = 2;1. If you are using type-in SQL with date prompts you may also receive this error: ORA-01858, non-numeric character was found where a numeric was expected. You can place a date prompt in the SQL tab SQL Query dialog box. However, we recommend against the use of date prompts in manually entered SQL because of the generation of SQL92 typed literals.Aug 9, 2016 · Why I obtain this "SQLSyntaxErrorException: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended" when I try to perform this JDBC query? (4 answers) Closed 7 years ago . 1. You have invalid select statement, this code: "select uname,pass from login where uname = '"+user+"' pass= '"+pass+"'". Should have been like this: "select uname,pass from login where uname = '"+user+"' and pass= '"+pass+"'". Note that you were missing and in the where clause. Also you should avoid these type of queries instead use ...Jan 27, 2017 · Kacper. 4,798 2 19 34. Even with those changes I still get - Error: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended (State:S1000, Native Code: 3A5) – Chelsea Weber. Jan 27, 2017 at 20:34. 1. @ChelseaWeber remove AS in aliases of tables. AS is optional for column alias but not allowed for table alias. – Kacper. But on the line "using (var reader = sourceQuery.ExecuteReader ())" (shown below as line xxx), it crashes with the following: Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleException (0x000003A5): ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended at OracleInternal.ServiceObjects.OracleCommandImpl.VerifyExecution (OracleConnectionImpl connectionImpl, Int32 ...Mar 5, 2015 · SQL> SELECT * FROM sales PIVOT (sum(quantity) FOR color IN ('WHITE','DARK')); SELECT * FROM sales PIVOT (sum(quantity) FOR color IN ('WHITE','DARK')) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended So you don't appear to be using a version that supports the operator. SQL> SELECT * FROM sales PIVOT (sum(quantity) FOR color IN ('WHITE','DARK')); SELECT * FROM sales PIVOT (sum(quantity) FOR color IN ('WHITE','DARK')) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended So you don't appear to be using a version that supports the operator.After invoking this line of code: EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TABLE user.table DISABLE CONSTRAINT user.trigger;'; I receive an error: ORA-00933 SQL Command not properly Ended4,400 1 21 28. I got another issue where this insert did not work the first time. It's sequence number confliction. That issue is resolved after increasing the upper limit the seq. – CCNA. Aug 15, 2018 at 20:13. Add a comment. -1. remove from dual and add ; at the end, that's it.Additional information: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. ... This happens because in Oracle you must put BEGIN END; blocks to represent a statement.Aug 27, 2022 · 1 Answer. Sorted by: 1. You can't use AS for a table alias in Oracle. You can for column aliases, where it is optional, but it is not allowed for table aliases. You can see that in the syntax diagram - that shows t_alias without an optional AS keyword. So remove that from all three references: SQL Error: 933, SQLState: 42000 ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended If it matters, the query is being constructed using a StringBuilder and it uses to break the lines. Any thoughts on the problem?I make a script that generates insert statements from SQL data. When I insert just one line of the insert it works but when I try to insert more than one row I get ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended here is the insert statement: This works by itself: INSERT INTO CAMPAIGN (CAMPAIGN_ID, SHOP_ID, CAMPAIGN_TYPE, SORT_ORDER, STATUS, VALID ... 1 Answer Sorted by: 4 Your syntax for using the database link is incorrect, you've got the link and table identifiers in the wrong order. It should be: select ... from [email protected] Having too many . in a table name results in an ORA-00933 error, like you're getting. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Jul 18, 2014 at 11:50 MatSep 29, 2017 · Camel 2.13.1 MyBatis 3.2.7 Batch Insert to Oracle 11g Table ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. 0. Unable to make batch insert into Oracle DB using MyBatis. 0. You can avoid ORA-00933 errors while still executing the programming goals that you wish to obtain. Some clauses, such as the ORDER BY clause, can be recreated by inserting the clause in a separate query. For example, if you are trying to order your view, doing so in the CREATE VIEW statement will trigger an ORA-00933. Instead, form a second ...But on the line "using (var reader = sourceQuery.ExecuteReader ())" (shown below as line xxx), it crashes with the following: Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleException (0x000003A5): ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended at OracleInternal.ServiceObjects.OracleCommandImpl.VerifyExecution (OracleConnectionImpl connectionImpl, Int32 ...ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. Cause: The SQL statement ends with an inappropriate clause. For example, an ORDER BY clause may have been included in a CREATE VIEW or INSERT statement. ORDER BY cannot be used to create an ordered view or to insert in a certain order. Action: Correct the syntax by removing the inappropriate clauses.Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.1. You have invalid select statement, this code: "select uname,pass from login where uname = '"+user+"' pass= '"+pass+"'". Should have been like this: "select uname,pass from login where uname = '"+user+"' and pass= '"+pass+"'". Note that you were missing and in the where clause. Also you should avoid these type of queries instead use ...OLE DB provider "OraOLEDB.Oracle" for linked server "hades" returned message "ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended ORA-06512: at "SAAP.EDI", line 1416". Msg 7320, Level 16, State 2, Line 2 Cannot execute the query "select * from table(edi.ftCustomerCatalog('010','145','000164'))" against OLE DB provider "OraOLEDB.Oracle" for linked server ...It has to do with order of operations the SQL engine goes though. First from's and joins, then where's there group by then select then having then order by. So SQL order of operation doesn't flow top down. (at least in most engines) mySQL and a few others behave slightly differently.SQL/ORA-00933 SQL Command Not Properly Ended. select count (*),ACTION_DATE from SUMMARY group by ACTION_DATE where NUM_ACTIONS=500; which is giving me ORA-00933 SQL Command not properly ended and I'm not sure why. SUMMARY is the table, ACTION_DATE and NUM_ACTIONS are columns.4 Answers. Sorted by: 4. the IF EXISTS clause doesn't exist in the DROP SEQUENCE command in Oracle. You could use a PLSQL block to ignore the error: SQL> DECLARE 2 sequence_doesnt_exist EXCEPTION; 3 PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (sequence_doesnt_exist, -2289); 4 BEGIN 5 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE seq_name'; 6 EXCEPTION 7 WHEN sequence_doesnt ...CHECK should be 2. Somebody said to try this.... But getting the ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. I suspect it is something simple but I have not found anything to help as of yet. I simplified this version. select a.*, CASE WHEN a.pallets<=a.depth then to_char (a.pallets) else a.depth end AS "CHECK" FROM db WHERE (facility IN ('xxx4 ...Nov 26, 2020 · ORA 00933: SQL command not properly ended Later, I found that: just remove the last semicolon , and it runs successfully. But this makes me very confused, I want to know the difference between removing the semicolon and not removing the semicolon. 1 Answer. You can have only one statement in the input table. Well, you can have more, provided that they are separated by ";". However only the last one will produce rows in the output. (This feature is there to make temporary tables or procedures to execute on the last statement).I get ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended in all cases. – alex. Sep 30, 2022 at 20:55. The DB expects SQL statements without a trailing semi-colon. It expects PL/SQL statements with a final semi-colon. This is easy in the old cx_Oracle and its replacement python-oracledb drivers. Other Client tools like SQL*Plus need to be told when you ...4,400 1 21 28. I got another issue where this insert did not work the first time. It's sequence number confliction. That issue is resolved after increasing the upper limit the seq. – CCNA. Aug 15, 2018 at 20:13. Add a comment. -1. remove from dual and add ; at the end, that's it.Aug 27, 2022 · 1 Answer. Sorted by: 1. You can't use AS for a table alias in Oracle. You can for column aliases, where it is optional, but it is not allowed for table aliases. You can see that in the syntax diagram - that shows t_alias without an optional AS keyword. So remove that from all three references: SQL> execute TestProc(); BEGIN TestProc(); END; * ERROR at line 1: ORA-06550: line 1, column 7: PLS-00905: object EXAMPLE.TESTPROC is invalid ORA-06550: line 1, column 7: PL/SQL: Statement ignored You can run the SHOW ERROR command to view the errors as follows: 2 Answers. The above code works perfectly in SQL*Plus, with suitable definitions in the remote database connection. There must be some confounding piece of software in your actual execution environment. Try using the "in-line comment" form, instead of the "until end of line comment". Stylistically there's no need for ";" at the end of SQL ...Feb 16, 2015 · Exception on simple query using Java Spring: `java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended` 0 ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended "can't find the solution" This document demonstrates how the QUERY parameter can be used with Export Data Pump (expdp) and Import Data Pump (impdp). It also shows where quotes must be used in the WHERE clause. Incorrect usage of single or double quotes (or a space between the colon and the double quote) for the QUERY parameter can result in parse errors or errors such as:1 Answer. Sorted by: 1. You can't use AS for a table alias in Oracle. You can for column aliases, where it is optional, but it is not allowed for table aliases. You can see that in the syntax diagram - that shows t_alias without an optional AS keyword. So remove that from all three references:ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended with insert all. 0. ... SQL command not properly ended - INSERT MULTIPLE ROWS - SQL. Hot Network QuestionsJun 20, 2019 · Oracle.DataAccess.Client.OracleException: 'ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended' exception. Edit: I actually replaced the queries with these: "Select id from T_penalty_order; Select id from T_payment;" and I still get the same error Sep 12, 2016 · ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended 00933. 00000 - "SQL command not properly ended" sql; oracle; Share. Improve this question. Follow edited Sep 12, ... Oct 31, 2011 · After invoking this line of code: EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TABLE user.table DISABLE CONSTRAINT user.trigger;'; I receive an error: ORA-00933 SQL Command not properly Ended Aug 13, 2014 · Error: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. I am trying to move from MySQL to Oracle and one of my queries originally looks like this. SELECT t1.table_name FROM db_available AS t1 INNER JOIN db_user_access AS t2 ON t1.id=t2.db_id WHERE t2.user_id=100 AND t2.expires >= NOW (); However, when I run the same query in ORACLE with a minor change... Jun 22, 2021 · I'd suggest 3 books: SQL Reference, PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference and Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals. Find the ones appropriate to your database version (or start with what I suggested, then learn the differences (new functions etc.)). The command I wrote but returning ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended: (select product.productid, productname, productprice from product, soldvia where product ...cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended The python code is good, but I'm not much of a SQL programmer, so maybe someone can look to see if there is any obvious coding errors. It's just weird that the code works in DBeaver but not with cx_Oracle. Here is the code:Nov 26, 2015 · ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended while using CROSS APPLY. Ask Question Asked 7 years, 8 months ago. Modified 7 years, 8 months ago. Viewed 2k times ... Feb 16, 2015 · Exception on simple query using Java Spring: `java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended` 0 ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended "can't find the solution" If you get. ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended 00933. 00000 - "SQL command not properly ended" *Cause: *Action: It is probably because you aren't running Oracle 12. In that case, there are some workarounds, all involving subqueries and most sloppy. I used.There is a bug in the provider for Entity Framework from Oracle. Seems like the Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework.SqlGen.SqlSelectStatement.Top_s is the culprit that gets borrowed by a parallel query.It seems you're running it in Apex SQL Workshop (regarding screenshot you attached). If that's so, then: you can't run that code as a script ; SQL Workshop allows only one command at a time, so you have two options:But on the line "using (var reader = sourceQuery.ExecuteReader ())" (shown below as line xxx), it crashes with the following: Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleException (0x000003A5): ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended at OracleInternal.ServiceObjects.OracleCommandImpl.VerifyExecution (OracleConnectionImpl connectionImpl, Int32 ...Sep 22, 2021 · ERROR at line 1: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended Solution Actually, the keyword is AUTOEXTEND, not AUTO EXTEND. We should correct the statement like this: SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '+DATA/ORCLCDB/ERPAPP2A/TEMP32.dbf' size 10m autoextend on next 10m maxsize unlimited; Tablespace altered. We solve it. Feb 24, 2015 · WARN : org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter - SQL Error: 933, SQLState: 42000 ERROR: org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter - ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. What Might be wrong with this query though other queries are running fine? Edit. I am using NamedQueries and I have written this query in a separate xml file. Aug 25, 2016 · Exception message: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. If I replace the bind and run the query in Sql Developer, it runs ... Mar 30, 2018 · It has to do with order of operations the SQL engine goes though. First from's and joins, then where's there group by then select then having then order by. So SQL order of operation doesn't flow top down. (at least in most engines) mySQL and a few others behave slightly differently. Set PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT to 0 , which removes the limit on PGA usage per Oracle session. Basically it will act like Oracle 11g. Example alter system set pga_aggregate_limit=0 scope=both;1 Answer. Sorted by: 4. Your syntax for using the database link is incorrect, you've got the link and table identifiers in the wrong order. It should be: select ... from [email protected]. Having too many . in a table name results in an ORA-00933 error, like you're getting. Share. Improve this answer. I make a script that generates insert statements from SQL data. When I insert just one line of the insert it works but when I try to insert more than one row I get ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended here is the insert statement: This works by itself: INSERT INTO CAMPAIGN (CAMPAIGN_ID, SHOP_ID, CAMPAIGN_TYPE, SORT_ORDER, STATUS, VALID ... 1 Answer Sorted by: 4 Your syntax for using the database link is incorrect, you've got the link and table identifiers in the wrong order. It should be: select ... from [email protected] Having too many . in a table name results in an ORA-00933 error, like you're getting. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Jul 18, 2014 at 11:50 MatI have SYSTEM_SQL_CHECK table in which i have saved sql in CHECK_SQL column. This column is Varchar data type. Now i want to update particular sql.I have written below update sql query but it gives...You can avoid ORA-00933 errors while still executing the programming goals that you wish to obtain. Some clauses, such as the ORDER BY clause, can be recreated by inserting the clause in a separate query. For example, if you are trying to order your view, doing so in the CREATE VIEW statement will trigger an ORA-00933. Instead, form a second ...ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. When I said two simple queries, I mean, for example (of course, the tables were already created, I am not trying to drop not exist tables): DROP TABLE Table1; DROP TABLE Table2; But if I run the queries individually, it works, does anyone know why? I can't see why they are not properly ended. Thank you ...select statement ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. 2. SELECT Statement returns ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. 0.Apparently, both of them work and no ORA-00933 (SQL command not properly ended) is raised. Therefore, either you didn't post everything you should have, or you're misinterpreting reality. Therefore, either you didn't post everything you should have, or you're misinterpreting reality.Oracle doesn't let you join within an update statement. You need to use a correlated subquery, e.g.: UPDATE TABLE1 TOP_A SET EARLIEST_STARTDATE = ( SELECT CASE WHEN DATE_SUBMITTED < TO_DATE ('01/04/' || EXTRACT (YEAR FROM ADD_MONTHS (DOB, 24)), 'DD/MM/YYYY') THEN TO_DATE ('01/04/' || EXTRACT (YEAR FROM ADD_MONTHS (DOB, 24)),'DD/MM/YYYY') ELSE ...I have SYSTEM_SQL_CHECK table in which i have saved sql in CHECK_SQL column. This column is Varchar data type. Now i want to update particular sql.I have written below update sql query but it gives...Nov 18, 2019 · Thank you! but, when I do that, the line: PreparedStatement preStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql); is blocked and the program does not continue, but does not throw exceptions either. But when I do a test with string value in the sentence "INSERT INTO PURE_ENC_QUEUE (QUEUEID, QUEUENAME) VALUES('nuevaColaId2','nuevaColaNombre2')"; , it works. Aug 27, 2022 · 1 Answer. Sorted by: 1. You can't use AS for a table alias in Oracle. You can for column aliases, where it is optional, but it is not allowed for table aliases. You can see that in the syntax diagram - that shows t_alias without an optional AS keyword. So remove that from all three references: SQL> SELECT * FROM sales PIVOT (sum(quantity) FOR color IN ('WHITE','DARK')); SELECT * FROM sales PIVOT (sum(quantity) FOR color IN ('WHITE','DARK')) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended So you don't appear to be using a version that supports the operator.OLE DB provider "OraOLEDB.Oracle" for linked server "hades" returned message "ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended ORA-06512: at "SAAP.EDI", line 1416". Msg 7320, Level 16, State 2, Line 2 Cannot execute the query "select * from table(edi.ftCustomerCatalog('010','145','000164'))" against OLE DB provider "OraOLEDB.Oracle" for linked server ...Apr 5, 2016 · Additional information: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. ... This happens because in Oracle you must put BEGIN END; blocks to represent a statement. Feb 1, 2017 · But on the line "using (var reader = sourceQuery.ExecuteReader ())" (shown below as line xxx), it crashes with the following: Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleException (0x000003A5): ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended at OracleInternal.ServiceObjects.OracleCommandImpl.VerifyExecution (OracleConnectionImpl connectionImpl, Int32 ... You can avoid ORA-00933 errors while still executing the programming goals that you wish to obtain. Some clauses, such as the ORDER BY clause, can be recreated by inserting the clause in a separate query. For example, if you are trying to order your view, doing so in the CREATE VIEW statement will trigger an ORA-00933. Instead, form a second ...ORA-00933 SQL command not properly ended but good in SQL Developer 0 ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended 00933. 00000 - "SQL command not properly ended" *Cause: *Action:4 Answers. Sorted by: 4. the IF EXISTS clause doesn't exist in the DROP SEQUENCE command in Oracle. You could use a PLSQL block to ignore the error: SQL> DECLARE 2 sequence_doesnt_exist EXCEPTION; 3 PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (sequence_doesnt_exist, -2289); 4 BEGIN 5 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE seq_name'; 6 EXCEPTION 7 WHEN sequence_doesnt ...ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended 00933. 00000 - "SQL command not properly ended" *Cause: *Action: sql; oracle; Share. Improve this question. FollowSep 29, 2017 · Camel 2.13.1 MyBatis 3.2.7 Batch Insert to Oracle 11g Table ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. 0. Unable to make batch insert into Oracle DB using MyBatis. 0. ORA-00933 SQL command not properly ended but good in SQL Developer 0 ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended 00933. 00000 - "SQL command not properly ended" *Cause: *Action:SQL Error: 933, SQLState: 42000 ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended If it matters, the query is being constructed using a StringBuilder and it uses to break the lines. Any thoughts on the problem?ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. Cause: The SQL statement ends with an inappropriate clause. For example, an ORDER BY clause may have been included in a CREATE VIEW or INSERT statement. ORDER BY cannot be used to create an ordered view or to insert in a certain order. Action: Correct the syntax by removing the inappropriate clauses. cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended The python code is good, but I'm not much of a SQL programmer, so maybe someone can look to see if there is any obvious coding errors. It's just weird that the code works in DBeaver but not with cx_Oracle. Here is the code:I make a script that generates insert statements from SQL data. When I insert just one line of the insert it works but when I try to insert more than one row I get ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended here is the insert statement: This works by itself: INSERT INTO CAMPAIGN (CAMPAIGN_ID, SHOP_ID, CAMPAIGN_TYPE, SORT_ORDER, STATUS, VALID ...ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended 00933. 00000 - "SQL command not properly ended" *Cause: *Action: sql; oracle; Share. Improve this question. Follow6. Open the trace file and search for err=933 to find the problem SQL.A DELETE statement with an INNER JOIN or ORDER BY clause. Similar to the previous situation, Oracle doesn’t allow ordering rows in a particular fashion to then be deleted. You could resolve the query containing joins by converting the INNER JOIN to WHERE EXISTS (or a subquery).Dec 6, 2017 · ORA-00933 : SQL command not properly ended : In my previous articles, I have given the proper idea of different oracle errors, which are frequently come. In this article, I will try to explain the most common error, which has been shared, on google 10 k times per month. ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. When I said two simple queries, I mean, for example (of course, the tables were already created, I am not trying to drop not exist tables): DROP TABLE Table1; DROP TABLE Table2; But if I run the queries individually, it works, does anyone know why? I can't see why they are not properly ended. Thank you ...Nov 26, 2020 · ORA 00933: SQL command not properly ended Later, I found that: just remove the last semicolon , and it runs successfully. But this makes me very confused, I want to know the difference between removing the semicolon and not removing the semicolon. SQL> execute TestProc(); BEGIN TestProc(); END; * ERROR at line 1: ORA-06550: line 1, column 7: PLS-00905: object EXAMPLE.TESTPROC is invalid ORA-06550: line 1, column 7: PL/SQL: Statement ignored You can run the SHOW ERROR command to view the errors as follows: Thanks for your help. – Shaves. Sep 12, 2014 at 14:23. @Shaves . . . Remove the columns one-by-one from the two parts of the union. When you know which column has the problem, then fix the problem, probably using cast (). – Gordon Linoff. Sep 12, 2014 at 15:46.. Jul 21, 2018 · ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended - Create VieBut on the line "using (var reader = so select statement ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. 2. SELECT Statement returns ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. 0.Dec 6, 2017 · ORA-00933 : SQL command not properly ended : In my previous articles, I have given the proper idea of different oracle errors, which are frequently come. In this article, I will try to explain the most common error, which has been shared, on google 10 k times per month. Sep 24, 2021 · cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-00933: SQL command not p CHECK should be 2. Somebody said to try this.... But getting the ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended. I suspect it is something simple but I have not found anything to help as of yet. I simplified this version. select a.*, CASE WHEN a.pallets<=a.depth then to_char (a.pallets) else a.depth end AS "CHECK" FROM db WHERE (facility IN ('xxx4 ...Apr 18, 2014 · 3 Answers. Sorted by: 4. try this code: select e1.name name /* e1.* */ from employee e1 where employee_id = 2 union select e2.name name /* e2.* */ from employee e2 where employee_id = 3 order by name; if you want to order the result of first query then to order the result the second query so you can do like this: 1. You have invalid select statement, th...
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